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The right to health is enshrined in Article 32 of the Italian Constitution, which states that the State must protect health as an individual right and a collective interest.
This article also provides that free healthcare is guaranteed to the indigent.
But how is this right implemented in practice by the National Health Service (SSN)?
The services provided by the SSN are available throughout the national territory, ensuring essential health services for all citizens.
Let’s explore when citizens can obtain medications for free.
In general, medications classified under Category A are reimbursed by the SSN and can be obtained at no cost.
Patients might still be required to pay a ticket, varying based on their region of residence, as a cost-sharing measure.
Only with a medical prescription can patients access these medications for free, which typically include essential drugs for chronic diseases such as hypertension or antibiotics and medications for cardiovascular diseases.
Category C medications must usually be paid for by citizens as they are not considered essential.
However, in certain situations, such medications can be reimbursed if patients have specific health conditions.
Guidelines from AIFA determine when reimbursement is applicable, and a medical prescription is necessary.
If citizens do not qualify for any exemption, they must pay the full price established by the pharmaceutical company for Category C medications.
Chronic illnesses require long-term pharmaceutical treatment.
The SSN offers exemptions for ticket payments for some chronic diseases, but often also provides a package of free services to monitor disease progression and complications.
In several regions, a reduced ticket may be available for long-term treatments, though it is crucial to check local regulations regarding exemptions.
Exemption from ticket payments for invalids also depends on their residence, as the Local Health Authority grants these exemptions.
Typically, many invalids still need to pay the ticket unless specific regional laws grant full exemption.
War invalids receiving a direct pension and terrorism victims are entitled to free Category C medications if prescribed by a physician.
While those who qualify for ticket exemption still need to pay for Category C medications, many regions offer free access to these drugs for individuals in severe economic hardship.
For specific benefits, it is essential to consult regional regulations.
For instance, in Emilia Romagna, Category C medications are provided for free only to families relying on municipal social services.
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